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  • How Raksha Bandhan Started

    How Raksha Bandhan Started

    How Raksha Bandhan started is a question that you may be eager to know. On this page know the mythological and historical stories to know how Raksha Bandhan Started. Before that let’s know what is Raksha Bandhan.

    Raksha Bandhan is a traditional Hindu festival celebrated to honour the bond between brothers and sisters. It has deep roots in Indian mythology and history. Its origins are associated with various stories and traditions.

    Mythological Origins of Raksha Bandhan:

    1. Draupadi and Krishna: One of the most popular legends in Hindu mythology connects Raksha Bandhan with Lord Krishna and Draupadi, the wife of the Pandavas. According to the Mahabharata, when Krishna cut his finger while handling sugarcane, Draupadi tore a piece of her sari and tied it around his finger to stop the bleeding. Moved by her gesture, Krishna promised to protect her whenever she needed help. This bond of protection is often cited as a symbol of Raksha Bandhan.
    2. Indra and Sachi: Another mythological story speaks of Indra, the king of gods, and his wife Sachi. During a battle between the gods and demons, Sachi tied a sacred thread (similar to a rakhi) around Indra’s wrist, praying for his safety and success in battle. Indra emerged victorious. This is believed to be one of the earliest references to the practice of tying a rakhi for protection.
    3. Yamuna and Yama: According to another legend, the river goddess Yamuna tied a rakhi to Yama, the god of death. Yama was so moved by the gesture that he granted her immortality and promised that any brother who had a rakhi tied to him by his sister would live a long life.
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    Historical Origins:

    1. Rani Karnavati and Emperor Humayun: In the historical context, the practice of Raksha Bandhan was reinforced by the story of Rani Karnavati. The widowed queen of Mewar asked for help from the Mughal Emperor Humayun. When Mewar was attacked by Bahadur Shah, Rani Karnavati sent a rakhi to Humayun, seeking her protection. Although Humayun was not able to reach on time. This gesture of seeking help and protection through the rakhi is remembered as an example of the festival’s deeper meaning.
    2. Alexander the Great and King Porus: Another historical anecdote mentions that when Alexander the Great invaded India in 326 BCE. Alexander’s wife Roxana sent a rakhi to the Indian king Porus, asking him not to harm her husband. During the battle, Porus is said to have refrained from killing Alexander, respecting the rakhi’s bond.

    Conclusion:

    Raksha Bandhan is both a religious and cultural festival. It reflects stories of protection, brotherhood, and familial love that are deeply ingrained in Indian mythology and history. These stories tell us how Raksha Bandhan Started. Its exact historical start date is difficult to pinpoint. But its association with these legends has made it a cherished festival for centuries.

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  • Valley Queen Heritage Train of Rajasthan.

    Valley Queen Heritage Train of Rajasthan.

    Valley Queen heritage train of Rajasthan is attracting a lot of tourists nowadays. The experience of travelling on this train running in Rajasthan is exhilarating. The design of the Valley Queen heritage train and its route are the main centres of attraction for the passengers. The journey aboard Rajasthan’s exclusive tourist train, the “Valley Queen Heritage Train,” presents a magnificent experience. However, the captivating routes traversed by this train truly make the experience enchanting.

    The train passes through lush green valleys, hills, rare flora and fauna. The route has two tunnels that are almost a century old, as well as 172 small and large bridges over water streams. Rajasthan government has started this new tourist train from October 5, 2023.

    Valley Queen Heritage Train timetable

    Valley Queen Heritage Train, consisting of fully air-conditioned coaches with a capacity of 60 seats. Indian Railways has introduced a 360-degree vista dome coach to the train. This special coach features panoramic windows and can accommodate up to 60 passengers. It runs five days a week on Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, Saturday and Sunday. The Valley Queen Heritage Train in Rajasthan, India operates five days a week between Marwar Junction and Khamil Ghat. Out of this, the train will operate twice a week for group bookings (minimum of 10 people).

    This metre-gauge train departs from Marwar Junction at 8.30 am, reaching Khamlighat at 11 am via Phulad and Goram Ghat railway stations. The train has a short stoppage of 10 to 15 minutes at every station. It reaches Phulad at 9:20 am. After stopping at Khamlighat for three and a half hours, it leaves at 2:40 pm and reaches Marwar Junction at 5.40 pm on the same day.

    The train’s schedule is as follows:

    • Departure: 8:30 AM from Marwar Junction.
    • Arrival: 11 AM at Khamlighat via Phulad and Goram Ghat railway stations.
    • Stoppage: 10–15 minutes at every station
    • Khamil Ghat: 3.5 hours stop
    • Departure: 3 PM from Khamil Ghat
    • Return: 5:40 PM to Marwar Junction on the same day
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    Valley Queen Heritage Train ticket price

    Its ticket price is Rs 1,900 per person for the to and fro journey. While the ticket price for one side is Rs 1000 per passenger. The fare for ‘group booking’ and ‘two group booking days’ of the week has not been confirmed yet. You can book online on IRCTC and other online apps.

    Train RouteTicket Price
    Marwar Jn – Khamil GhatRs 1000/-
    Marwar Jn – PhuladRs 500/-
    Phulad – Khamil GhatRs 600/-
    Marwar Jn – Khamil Ghat – Marwar JnRs 1900/-

    These days, after the rain, hundreds of tourists from the district including other nearby districts are arriving with family and friends to see the supernatural views of the waterfalls and greenery of Goram Ghat, Gauridham and Bhilberi. As soon as the train arrived from the Marwar side at Phulad railway station, all the tourists flocked to board the train. On Hariyali Amavasya, every compartment of the train was seen packed. Not only this, many local and other tourists reached Goramghat by road and enjoyed bathing in the waterfalls there. There was a huge crowd of people at the tourist places in the surrounding areas of the city.

    Heritage Trains in India

    India has a rich tradition of heritage trains, offering a unique way to explore the country’s history and natural beauty. Here are some notable heritage trains in India:

    1. Palace on Wheels

    • Route: New Delhi – Jaipur – Sawai Madhopur – Chittorgarh – Udaipur – Jaisalmer – Jodhpur – Bharatpur – Agra – New Delhi
    • Highlights: Experience the royal journey through Rajasthan with luxury amenities, cultural performances, and excursions to historic sites.

    2. Maharajas’ Express

    • Routes: Multiple routes including Delhi, Agra, Jaipur, Varanasi, Lucknow, and more.
    • Highlights: Known for its luxury and five-star services, this train offers a glimpse into India’s royal heritage with opulent interiors and personalized services.

    3. Deccan Odyssey

    • Route: Mumbai – Nashik – Aurangabad – Ajanta & Ellora Caves – Kolhapur – Goa – Ratnagiri – Mumbai
    • Highlights: This train covers the scenic landscapes and historical monuments of Maharashtra and Goa, with luxurious facilities.

    4. The Golden Chariot

    • Route: Bengaluru – Mysore – Hampi – Mahabalipuram – Thanjavur – Chettinad – Cochin – Kumarakom – Bengaluru
    • Highlights: Explore the rich cultural heritage of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, with stops at UNESCO World Heritage Sites and beautiful beaches.

    5. The Fairy Queen

    • Route: Delhi – Alwar – Sariska
    • Highlights: Pulled by one of the oldest working steam locomotives in the world, this train offers a nostalgic journey through Rajasthan, with visits to the Sariska Tiger Reserve.

    6. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (Toy Train)

    • Route: New Jalpaiguri – Darjeeling
    • Highlights: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this narrow-gauge train offers stunning views of the Himalayas and tea gardens.

    7. Nilgiri Mountain Railway

    • Route: Mettupalayam – Coonoor – Ooty
    • Highlights: Another UNESCO World Heritage Site, this train journey through the Nilgiri Hills provides breathtaking views and an exhilarating ride.

    8. Kalka-Shimla Railway

    • Route: Kalka – Shimla
    • Highlights: Famous for its dramatic views of the hills and surrounding villages, this narrow-gauge railway is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

    9. Matheran Hill Railway

    • Route: Neral – Matheran
    • Highlights: This narrow-gauge train provides a scenic ride through the Western Ghats, reaching the quaint hill station of Matheran.

    10. Rajasthan Heritage on Wheels

    • Route: Jaipur – Bikaner – Jaisalmer – Jodhpur – Jaipur
    • Highlights: This train offers a journey through Rajasthan’s desert landscapes, with stops at historic forts and palaces.

    These heritage trains not only offer luxurious amenities but also a glimpse into India’s diverse culture, history, and scenic beauty.

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  • CEO of Telegram claims to have 100 biological kids

    CEO of Telegram claims to have 100 biological kids

    CEO of Telegram Pavel Durov recently revealed that he has over 100 biological children. Pavel Durov is also the founder of Telegram. He co-founded the company in 2013 alongside his brother Nikolai Durov. Pavel Durov is also known for founding the popular Russian social network VKontakte (VK) before establishing Telegram. Furthermore, Telegram is known for its focus on speed, security, and privacy, which has made it a popular messaging app worldwide.

    He shared it with his 5.7 million subscribers on his messaging app Telegram. Furthermore, he said “I was just told that I have over 100 biological children. How is this possible for a guy who has never married and prefers to live alone?”

    Pavel Durov said that about 15 years ago, a friend made a “strange request” to him. Pavel said, “His friend said that he and his wife could not have children due to fertility issues and asked me to donate sperm to a clinic to have a child. I started laughing before realizing he was earnest.

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    Sperm donation is a civic duty.

    CEO of Telegram Pavel Durov said the clinic boss told him there was a shortage of “high-quality donor material.” The doctor further said it is the 39-year-old man’s “civic duty to donate more sperm anonymously to help more couples.”

    Durov continued, “It felt so strange that it inspired me to sign up for sperm donation. Fast forward to 2024, my previous charity activity has helped over a hundred couples in 12 countries have children. Furthermore, many years after I stopped donating sperm as a donor, at least one IVF clinic still has my frozen sperm available for anonymous use on behalf of families who want to have children.”

    The CEO of Telegram played his part.

    The CEO of Telegram said he now plans to open-source his DNA. So that his biological children can find each other. Durov discussed the importance of healthy sperm, saying that he was proud that he did his duty. Of course, there are risks, but I don’t regret being a donor. The lack of healthy sperm has become a serious issue around the world, and I’m proud to have played my part in helping reduce it.

    Further, he said I want to help debunk the whole notion of sperm donation and encourage more healthy men to do it. So that families struggling to have children can enjoy more options. “Disregard tradition – redefine the norm,” he wrote on Telegram.

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    Number of children of the CEO of Telegram

    The CEO of Telegram shared the post regarding his number of children. Since sharing this post, his post has been viewed by more than 18 lakh people. A screengrab of one of his posts was shared on X (formerly Twitter), where many people had different reactions to it.

    One user said, “Tech CEOs’ new vanity hobby seems to be competing on the number of offspring they can claim – without ever loving them or being in their lives.”

    Another said, “The funniest thing is, some of his donated sperm are still left and preserved in a facility.”

    One more user said “This is what happens when you “donate” your sperm to IVF clinics.” “I don’t understand how this can be seen as a victory.”

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  • Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde became the new Governor of Rajasthan

    Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde became the new Governor of Rajasthan

    Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde has been given the responsibility of the new Governor of Rajasthan. The new Governor of Rajasthan, Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde in place of Kalraj Mishra.

    Who is Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde?

    Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde was born on 17 August 1945 in Chittepimpalgaon, Aurangabad, Maharashtra. His life was spent in extreme poverty. To earn his livelihood, he also sold newspapers in Pholambri, Aurangabad for many years. He loves agriculture very much. He has named his house in Aurangabad as Krishi Yoga.

    Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde is a veteran BJP leader from Maharashtra. He has successfully fulfilled the responsibility of the post of Maharashtra Assembly Speaker. Apart from this, he also served as Employment Minister in the Government of Maharashtra. Haribhau joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh at the age of 13. Due to his work, he became quite popular.

    Seeing his popularity, the BJP gave him an assembly ticket for the first time in 1985. Furthermore, Haribhau has been a five-time MLA from Pholambri assembly seat in the Aurangabad district. Haribhau is also named as Nana by the public.

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    Kalraj Mishra’s tenure ended on July 21

    Kalraj Mishra took oath as the Governor of Rajasthan on 9 September 2019. His tenure ended on July 21. The new Governor of Rajasthan, Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde, replaced Kalraj Mishra.

    Governors of many states changed at midnight

    President Draupadi Murmu announced several new governors late on Saturday night. In this, many states got new governors and the charges of many governors were changed. Haribhau Kisanrao Bagde has been made the Governor of Rajasthan in place of Kalraj Mishra. Whereas Om Prakash Mathur, a veteran BJP leader, has been made the Governor of Sikkim.

    Gulab Chand Kataria, the current Governor of Assam, has been made the Governor of Punjab. Along with Punjab, Kataria has also been given the additional responsibility of Administrator of Union Territory Chandigarh. Furthermore, the President has accepted the resignation of Banwarilal Purohit, who was serving as the Governor of Punjab and Administrator of the Union Territory of Chandigarh.

    Whereas former Jharkhand Governor CP Radhakrishnan has now been appointed the Governor of Maharashtra. Santosh Kumar Gangwar, who has been a Union Minister, has been appointed the Governor of Jharkhand. Furthermore, CH Vijayanshakar has been appointed as the Governor of Meghalaya. Apart from this, Laxman Prasad Acharya has been appointed the Governor of Assam and has also been given the additional responsibility of Manipur. Laxman Prasad Acharya was the governor of Sikkim. Moreover, Jishnu Dev Varma has been appointed as the Governor of Telangana. Whereas Raman Deka has been made the Governor of Chhattisgarh.

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  • Maya OS may now be on every computer in India

    Maya OS may now be on every computer in India

    Maya OS may now be installed on every computer in India to prevent CrowdStrike and other problems that may arise in future. Cyber ​​experts in the country say that the way Crowdstrike created an outcry in the entire world. Due to this, preparations have started in India to bring the entire industry on their self-made operating system.

    What is Maya OS?

    Maya OS is an operating system developed specifically for the Indian Defence Ministry. It was implemented in August 2023 and is based on the Ubuntu Linux distribution, which is known for its security features. Here’s a quick rundown of Maya OS:

    • Developed by: Indian government agencies including DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation), C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing) and NIC (National Informatics Centre)
    • Based on: Ubuntu Linux
    • Focus: Security and Reliability
    • Key features:
      • Designed to be more resistant to cyberattacks compared to Windows or macOS
      • Uses full disk encryption, intrusion detection and sandboxing for enhanced security
      • Rigorously tested for stability
      • Locally developed, reducing dependence on foreign software

    Maya OS is currently being used by the Indian Defence Ministry and is planned for adoption by the Army, Navy and Air Force. The user interface is designed to be similar to Windows, making it easier for users to switch over.

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    Why Maya OS is under consideration

    Two days ago, due to a Microsoft Cloud outage, almost 70% of the internet-based systems of the world came to a complete standstill. This happened due to a software update from Microsoft. Due to this crowd strike there was a loss of hundreds of billions of dollars in the entire world. Moreover, everything was stopped in a large part of the entire world. According to IT and cyber experts, 70% of the operating systems in the modern world are still from Microsoft.

    In such a situation, the discussion has now started on whether different countries of the world will launch their operating systems. Indigenous operating system Maya OS has already been launched in India. Although it has not yet become fully popular among the people. According to experts, this is the right time to launch our operating system.

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    Cyber experts opinion

    Cyber ​​experts in the country say that the way Crowdstrike created an outcry in the entire world. Due to this, preparations have started in India to bring the entire industry on their self-made operating system.

    Himanshu Sharma, a software engineer working in New York, America, says that the maximum dependence in the whole world is still on Microsoft’s operating system. Almost 70% of the computers in the world still have Microsoft operating systems. Whereas about 20% use the iOS or Mac operating system. Whereas countries like China and Russia mostly use their self-made operating systems. Himanshu says that different countries of the world are still completely dependent on the American operating system. If this dependency is switched to indigenous operating systems, a major “digital tsunami” like the Crowdstrike that happened on July 19 can be avoided.

    Software engineer and cyber expert Deenbandhu Verma says that India has its own “Maya” operating software. He says that this is a software which has been designed with many types of security layers. It has antimalware and antivirus software, which also creates a strong security layer between netizens and the internet. In such a situation, the possibility of any kind of breach in this operating system or any major cloud outage becomes equal to zero. Cyber experts suggest replacing Microsoft with Maya OS at regular intervals in our country. Following the recent crowd strike incident it would be a significant step towards enhancing cybersecurity in the future.

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    Preparation to launch Maya OS

    Now it is estimated that after the “digital tsunami” that occurred on July 19, readiness will be shown to advance its indigenous operating system, Maya. If officials associated with the Central Government are to be believed, discussions have taken place on a large scale in this direction. It is believed that if everything progresses in an orderly manner, it will be taken forward in the coming days. Besides, there is also talk of starting work on a large scale towards developing some other operating systems.

    Cyber ​​expert Devesh Dhawan says that the only country that has survived completely in this entire devastation is Russia. Dhawan says that due to various restrictions, neither Russians can use Microsoft cloud services nor can Russian commercial and intelligence equipment be accessed through American operating systems. Furthermore, in such circumstances, Russia saved itself from such a big digital tsunami by developing its operating system. Moreover, Devesh Dhawan believes that it can create bad situations like an epidemic of major cyber attacks in the coming days. Therefore, it is better that we have to strengthen our systems from now on to avoid any such major cyber attack.

    Ashish Singh, a cyber expert working in a multinational company in Bengaluru, says that there is a need to replace traditional operating systems. Maya OS is the best option. He says that Maya OS has not yet been taken forward that much. He believes that there may be some technical level problems in the initial phase. But when it is started in a phased manner, it will be able to replace the Microsoft operating system.

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    India has already Indigenous operating systems

    We already have the operating system ready. There is only a need to implement it rapidly and systematically in the country. Cyber ​​expert Anand Sachan says that India not only has the Maya OS. But earlier BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solution) was also developed. This operating system developed in 2021 was implemented in the initial phase, but then it could not be taken forward. But launched with the new Maya OS in mid-2023. According to cyber experts, its results have also been positive.

    Devesh Dhawan states that if the central government takes this matter seriously, any future cyber attacks can be avoided. He says that not only did Russia save itself from this big attack on July 19, but China also saved its existing systems by using its operating system. He believes that after this incident, all those capable countries will move forward. They will implement their operating systems. Countries will implement those that have their operating systems. Those countries that are on the verge of developing their systems may consider.

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  • Aviation Minister Aims to Become Leading Aviation Hub

    Aviation Minister Aims to Become Leading Aviation Hub

    Aviation Minister Shri Kinjrapu Rammohan Naidu has announced the implementation of a uniform IGST rate of 5% on all aircraft and aircraft engine parts. This will be effective from today,15th July 2024. This decision represents a major milestone for the domestic Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) industry. It intends to establish India as a global aviation hub.

    Commenting on this development, Shri Naidu said, “The introduction of a uniform 5% IGST rate on MRO items is a major boost for the aviation sector.” Previously, the varied GST rates of 5%, 12%, 18%, and 28% on aircraft components created challenges. The varied taxes include an inverted duty structure and GST accumulation in MRO accounts. This new policy removes inequalities, simplifies the tax system, and promotes growth in the MRO industry.

    The Union Minister emphasized Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi’s visionary leadership in making the Atma Nirbhar Bharat initiative possible. PM’s support has been crucial in driving forward the policy to transform India into a leading aviation hub.

    The Union Minister praised the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Finance, and other stakeholders for their diligent work. This helped in achieving the policy change recommended by the GST Council during its 53rd meeting on June 22, 2024. The new uniform 5% IGST rate is designed to lower operational costs, address tax credit issues, and attract investment.

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    Target for the Aviation Industry

    Shri Rammohan Naidu highlighted the prospects, saying, “Our vision is to turn India into a leading aviation hub.” Moreover, the Indian MRO industry is projected to reach a value of $4 billion by the year 2030. Furthermore, this policy change is a crucial step toward establishing a robust MRO services ecosystem, fostering innovation, and ensuring sustainable growth.

    The ministry is confident that this action will greatly improve the competitiveness of the Indian MRO sector. It will also encourage innovation and efficiency, and establish a strong and effective aviation industry.

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    What is Aviation Meaning

    Aviation refers to the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry. It encompasses a wide range of aspects, including:

    Aircraft: This covers all types of flying machines, from fixed-wing aeroplanes and helicopters to lighter-than-air vehicles like hot air balloons and airships.

    Flight Operations: This involves the entire process of operating an aircraft, from pre-flight checks and air traffic control to take-off, landing, and navigation.

    Airports and Air Traffic Control: Airports provide the infrastructure for take-off, landing, and maintenance of aircraft, while Air Traffic Control ensures the safe and orderly flow of air traffic.

    Manufacturing and Design: The aviation industry involves a complex network of companies that design, develop, manufacture, and maintain aircraft, aircraft engines, and other technologies.

    Regulation and Safety: Government agencies and international organizations set and enforce safety regulations to ensure the safe operation of aircraft.

    General: This refers to all non-commercial flying activities, such as private flying, recreational flying, airshows, and flight training.

    Aviation has revolutionized transportation, making it possible to travel long distances quickly and efficiently. It has also played a significant role in global trade, military operations, and scientific research.

    Proposal to replace DGCA with CAA

    Currently, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) is the Indian government’s regulatory body for civil aviation. Here’s a summary of its functions:

    • Ensures Safety: The primary focus of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation is safety. Moreover, it enforces regulations, maintains airworthiness standards for aircraft, and investigates accidents and incidents.
    • Issues Licenses: Pilots, aircraft maintenance engineers, air traffic controllers and flight engineers all require licenses issued by the DGCA.
    • Regulation of Air Transport: The DGCA regulates air transport services within, to and from India. Furthermore, this includes economic regulations and setting airfare standards.
    • Coordinates with ICAO: The Directorate General of Civil Aviation works alongside the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to ensure compliance with international safety standards.

    The DGCA is headquartered in New Delhi and you can find more information on their official website. There’s also a proposal to replace the DGCA with a new Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) but currently, the DGCA remains the active regulatory body.

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  • Government companies will not be sold now

    Government companies will not be sold now

    Government companies will not be sold to private companies and industrialists (privatization). Instead of selling PSU, the central government will take measures to improve their profits and earn revenue from these companies.

    According to media reports, the central government is now preparing to put the privatization program on hold. Previously, the Modi government had made an ambitious plan to privatise government companies. It was believed that the government could forward rapidly privatisation in the third term. But now the government has indicated to withdraw from this scheme.

    Plan for government companies

    As per the report from government sources, the government is working on a plan to improve the profits of more than 200 government companies. According to sources, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman may announce a new scheme in the general budget to be presented on July 23. This includes selling a large portion of unused land held by companies and monetization of other assets.

    Its objective is to raise $24 billion i.e. about Rs 2 lakh crore in the current financial year 2024-24. Moreover, this amount will be re-invested in PSU. Under the new scheme, instead of short-term targets, 5-year performance and production targets can be set for each government company. An official said the government is now shifting its focus from indiscriminate asset sales to enhancing the intrinsic value of PSU.

    According to the plan announced in the year 2021, two banks, an insurance company and a PSU in the steel, energy and pharmaceutical sectors were to be sold. Also, loss-making companies were to be closed. However, the government was successful in selling only debt-ridden Air India to the Tata Group. Therefore, the government had to withdraw plans to sell some other companies. Only 3.5% of LIC’s stake has been sold. Moreover, shares of some other companies have been sold. Now the central government also wants to start a succession plan in its majority-owned companies. Besides, there is also a proposal to provide training to 2.30 lakh managers. Moreover, these managers will be prepared for senior roles in these companies.

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    List of Government companies in India

    In India, government-owned companies, often referred to as Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs), operate in various sectors. Furthermore, the ownership of PSUs allows the Indian government to steer the economy towards its developmental goals, ensure national security, promote social welfare, and maintain control over strategic resources and sectors. Here are some notable examples:

    Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs)

    1. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC). It is the largest government-owned oil and gas explorer and producer in the country. Furthermore, it produces around 70% of India’s domestic production of crude oil and around 84% of natural gas.
    2. Indian Oil Corporation (IOC). Moreover, IOCL is the biggest government company in India in terms of Revenue. 
    3. Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL). Moreover, SAIL is the biggest Iron and Steel company under the ownership of the Government of India.
    4. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)
    5. National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC)
    6. Coal India Limited (CIL). Moreover, Coal India is the biggest Coal Mining and Producing country in India. 
    7. Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL)
    8. Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL). It is one of the largest government-owned companies which produces oil.
    9. Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)
    10. Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (PGCIL)
    11. Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited (NLC)
    12. Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)

    Banks and Financial Institutions

    1. State Bank of India (SBI). Moreover, State Bank is the biggest bank in India in terms of revenue, profit and number of branches.
    2. Punjab National Bank (PNB)
    3. Bank of Baroda (BoB)
    4. Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC). Moreover, LIC is the biggest insurance company in India which holds more than 50% market share in life insurance and other insurance products. 
    5. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
    6. Export-Import Bank of India (Exim Bank)

    Government Companies in Transportation

    1. Indian Railways
    2. Air India
    3. Shipping Corporation of India (SCI)
    4. Airports Authority of India (AAI)

    Telecommunications

    1. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)
    2. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL)

    Defence

    1. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
    2. Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
    3. Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL)
    4. Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd (GRSE)

    Infrastructure and Construction

    1. National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)
    2. National Buildings Construction Corporation (NBCC)

    Mining and Metals

    1. National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO)
    2. Hindustan Copper Limited (HCL)
    3. Manganese Ore India Limited (MOIL)

    Agriculture

    1. National Fertilizers Limited (NFL)
    2. Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers (RCF)

    Government companies in the Energy sector

    1. Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL)
    2. Power Finance Corporation (PFC)
    3. Rural Electrification Corporation (REC)

    These companies play significant roles in India’s economy, contributing to infrastructure development, energy production, manufacturing, and financial services.

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  • Bharat Organic Atta launched by Amit Shah

    Bharat Organic Atta launched by Amit Shah

    Bharat Organic Atta produced by National Co-operative Organic Limited (NOCL) was launched by Amit Shah on Wednesday the 6th of July 2024. Amit Shah also announced that now maize will be procured online from cooperative societies.

    Bharat Organic Atta refers to organic wheat flour produced in India. Organic atta is made from wheat grown without synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, adhering to organic farming standards. This type of flour is popular for its health benefits, as it is free from chemical residues and retains more nutrients compared to conventionally grown wheat.

    Shah was addressing the Cooperative to Prosperity Conference organized on the 102nd International Cooperative Day at Mahatma Mandir in Gandhinagar. On this occasion, Shah launched several schemes in cooperative and agricultural sectors. This included the Gujarat government’s scheme to provide a 50% subsidy on the purchase of nano urea (AGR-2). During this program, he also launched Bharat Organic Atta.

    Before that, Bharat Rice was launched on the 6th of Feb 2024 by Piyush Goyal. Moreover, Bharat Atta was started under the Bharat brand to keep wheat prices stable. Furthermore, rice and wheat prices will remain within the reach of the common man. Furthermore, it is also available at retail outlets and online stores.

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    Amit Shah said during the launch of Bharat Organic Atta

    Union Co-operation Minister Amit Shah said that Co-operation Day is celebrated every year on the first Saturday of July since 1923. This is the same date when Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government established a separate ministry. This ministry is dedicated to promoting cooperative activities for the first time. Now a policy on cooperation is being prepared, which will be ready in the next one month.

    Amit Shah said that the National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) will be able to work for the welfare of more cooperative institutions by issuing bonds worth Rs 2,000 crore. Union Minister Amit Shah said that the Central Government has established National Cooperative Organic Limited (NCOL) to promote organic products. Moreover, NCOL will ensure fair prices for farmers doing organic farming.

    He also mentioned that Bharat Organic Atta is 100% genuine. Moreover, it is tested by using state-of-art techniques available in the world.

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  • Smart Cities Mission is 93% completed

    Smart Cities Mission is 93% completed

    Smart Cities Mission is a dream project of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Under the ambitious Smart City Mission of the Central Government, 93% of work has been completed so far. To complete the remaining work, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs extended its period by one more year till March 2025.

    The Smart Cities Mission is an initiative by the Government of India to develop smart cities across the country. The goal is to create cities that are more sustainable, inclusive, and citizen-friendly. The mission focuses on improving core infrastructure, such as water supply, sanitation, and transportation. It also promotes the use of technology to improve efficiency and service delivery. Furthermore, this mission is to provide a decent quality of life to its citizens through smart solutions.

    Objectives of the Smart Cities Mission

    Improving Urban Infrastructure: Enhance basic infrastructure services such as water supply, sanitation, electricity, and waste management.

    Technology Integration: Utilize digital and information technologies, urban planning best practices, and public-private partnerships to improve the urban environment.

    Sustainable Development: Promote sustainable and inclusive cities that provide core infrastructure and give a decent quality of life to citizens.

    Citizen Engagement: Engage citizens in the planning and implementation process to ensure that the solutions meet their needs.

    Efficient Governance: Improve governance by increasing transparency, accountability, and citizen participation.

    Economic Growth: Boost the local economy by creating employment opportunities and promoting local industries.

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    Key Features

    1. Smart Governance: Implementation of e-governance initiatives, online delivery of services, and use of IT for improved city management.
    2. Smart Energy: Promote energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, and smart grids.
    3. Smart Environment: Focus on sustainable urban development, green buildings, and reducing pollution levels.
    4. Smart Mobility: Develop efficient public transportation systems, smart traffic management, and pedestrian-friendly infrastructure.
    5. Smart Infrastructure: Develop robust physical infrastructure like smart water and waste management systems, reliable electricity supply, and efficient urban mobility.
    6. Smart Health and Education: Improve access to quality healthcare and education services through the use of technology.

    When was the Smart Cities Mission Launched

    The Central Government launched the Smart City Mission in June 2015, making a new experiment in urban development. Under this mission, 100 cities of India were selected after a competitive process between the cities. Moreover, cities that are selected for the mission receive financial and technical assistance from the central government. The mission was expected to be completed by 2023.

    Jaipur, Udaipur, Kota and Ajmer cities of Rajasthan are selected under the smart cities mission. Every city has formulated its projects and solutions tailored to its specific requirements.

    More than 8,000 multi-sector projects are being developed in these 100 cities, costing about Rs 1.71 lakh crore. As of the 3rd of July, 100 cities have completed 7,188 out of 7960 projects worth Rs 1 lakh 44 thousand 237 crore as part of the mission. The total tendered amount is of ₹171,432 crore. This is about 93% of the total project. Whereas the remaining 830 projects worth Rs 19 thousand 926 crore are also in the final stage.

    Smart Cities Mission Extended

    The mission has a budget of Rs 48 thousand crore for 100 cities. Of these, Rs 46,585 crore has been allocated to 100 cities. The biggest thing is that the Government of India has also released full financial assistance under the Mission to 74 cities out of 100. State and city government representatives had sought more time to complete the work under the mission. Hence to complete the remaining work, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs extended its deadline by one more year until March 2025.

    Challenges and Future Outlook

    While the Smart Cities Mission has made significant progress, there are challenges such as funding gaps, bureaucratic hurdles, and the need for capacity building at the local level. The success of the mission will depend on overcoming these challenges and ensuring that the smart solutions implemented are sustainable and inclusive. The future outlook involves scaling successful initiatives to more cities and integrating emerging technologies to further enhance urban living.

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  • 3 New criminal laws are implemented from midnight

    3 New criminal laws are implemented from midnight

    3 New criminal laws are being implemented in India from midnight as soon as July 1st started. 3 new criminal laws are Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) 2023, Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) 2023 and Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023. Thus it is the end of the rules made in the British era named the Indian Penal Code.

    3 New criminal laws for crime and justice came into force in the country after midnight on Sunday i.e. from the 1st of July 2024. Now FIRs of criminal incidents will be registered as per the new law and the cases will also be conducted based on the new law. Difficulties will increase for serious criminals. It will not be easy for them to influence the case by threatening or luring the victim and witnesses or to reach an out-of-court settlement. Furthermore, there will be video recordings at every step of the police investigation. Moreover, there will be an obligation to submit strong scientific evidence, which cannot be refuted in court.

    Preparation to implement 3 new criminal laws

    The Central Government has made extensive preparations for implementing the 3 new criminal laws by holding meetings with various Central Ministries, State/UT Chief Secretaries and Police Chiefs. The concerned officers have been given training. Moreover, measures have been taken to develop technology and adapt it to judicial officers. Many further programs are also proposed. Let’s take a look at the government’s preparations.

    Academic preparation for 3 new criminal laws

    • The Bar Council of India has directed to include the new laws in the curriculum of universities and legal education centres from the 2024-25 academic year. A module will also be made for school education.
    • Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA), Mussoorie has trained IAS/IPS/Judicial officers and officers of the Crime Records Bureau, Forensic Laboratories etc.
    • Ministries of Women and Child Development, Rural Development and Panchayati Raj organized webinars on the new laws for grassroots-level workers. About 90 lakh people participated in it.
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    Technical preparation

    • National Crime Records Bureau has made 23 improvements in the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and System (CCTNAS) application to facilitate technical compatibility. This also includes filing an FIR.
    • Technical assistance is being provided to States/UTs and support teams and call centers are being set up for review and assistance. On March 14, a mobile web application, Compendium of NCRB Criminal Laws, was launched.
    • National Informatics Center has developed applications such as e-Sakshya, Nyayashruti and e-Summon to facilitate videography/photography of crime scenes, judicial hearings and delivery of court summons electronically.

    Police training

    The Bureau of Police Research and Development has developed 13 training modules. These modules are for capacity building of police, prisons, prosecutors, judicial officers, forensic experts and central police organizations.

    Legal matters

    • The Department of Legal Affairs has organized five conferences with representatives from different sectors. These included judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, senior police personnel and domain experts.
    • Comprehensive guidance will also be provided to civil service officers on the IGOT karmayogi online platform. A curated program has also been introduced on this.

    Convenience of Online Summons-Testimony by 3 new criminal laws

    • In the new law, maximum facilities have been given to witnesses and plaintiffs. If the witness is not able to get the information, then the summons and warrant received on WhatsApp will also be considered as information.
    • If the witness is unable to come due to some reason, he can give his testimony online from the video conferencing centre of the court of the district in which he is present.
    • It will be difficult to reach a compromise by threatening witnesses.

    Trial of a new case under the new laws

    The cases registered according to the new law will also be tried under the new law. The cases which are filed under the old law before midnight on 30th June trial will be conducted according to the old law only.

    Main changes

    1 Indian Penal Code (IPC) will now be the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS). There were 511 sections in IPC but now there are 358 sections in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. The order of the streams has also been changed.

    2 CRPC (Criminal Procedure Code) will now be called the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS). There were 484 sections in CrPC. Now there are 531 sections in the new law.

    3 The Indian Evidence Act of 1872 will now be known as the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023. There were 167 provisions in the old law. Now there are 170 in the new one. The importance of digital evidence has been increased.

    4 In case of rape, death or disability of the victim, the accused will get capital punishment.

    5 Life imprisonment or death penalty for a second murder to a person previously convicted of murder.

    6 Only the woman magistrate will record the statement of the rape-molestation victim.

    7 In the absence of a female magistrate, the presence of a female employee is necessary.

    8 A case of any incident can be registered in any police station.

    9 Report will have to be filed on the petition sent online or on WhatsApp.

    10 Investigations into crimes against women and children will have to be completed within two months. Also now the facility to take PCR within 40 days of going to jail has been fixed.

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