We all have experienced it during the pandemic. We have learned that for living a healthy life precautions and correct information are extremely important.
As I’ve been in the healthcare sector for the last forty years I must share reliable information, precautions and treatments for solving your problems.
Here I’m going to provide you with tips to live a healthy life and avoid the problems due to ignorance. We can do certain things and avoid something to maintain a healthy mind and body.
In this category, you will get solutions to your head-to-toe problems as well best and most accurate information related to your health.
We are also going to provide information about pharma, medicines and drugs in this category.
Feel free to ask for a free consultant related to health.
Nafithromycin stands out as a groundbreaking achievement in India’s pharmaceutical landscape, being one of the first antibiotics developed within the country. As a member of the macrolide antibiotic class, it has demonstrated significant potential in combating various bacterial infections.
This milestone underscores India’s advancing capabilities in pharmaceutical research and development and plays a vital role in the global battle against antibiotic resistance. By fostering the creation of homegrown antibiotics like Nafithromycin, we can ensure a reliable supply of effective treatments while decreasing dependency on imports, ultimately enhancing public health and safety.
Nafithromycin the Answer to Antibiotic Resistance
Antimicrobial resistance has long been a significant global issue, with pharmaceutical companies working diligently to develop new medicines to combat it worldwide. After years of facing challenges and putting in relentless effort, a breakthrough has finally been achieved. After three decades of research and hard work, India has pioneered the creation of Nafithromycin, the country’s first indigenous macrolide antibiotic. This significant achievement represents a crucial moment in the battle against antimicrobial resistance, highlighting India’s enhanced capabilities in pharmaceutical innovation.
What is Antimicrobial resistance?
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites evolve to resist the effects of medications designed to kill or inhibit them, such as antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics. This makes standard treatments ineffective, leading to persistent infections and increasing the risk of spread, severe illness, and death.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a natural process caused by genetic changes in pathogens over time. However, human activities significantly accelerate its spread, especially the overuse and misuse of antimicrobial drugs in humans, animals, and plants. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health concern, resulting in approximately 600,000 deaths in India annually due to resistant infections.
Nafithromycin is ten times more effective than Azithromycin
Nafithromycin is a ten times more effective antibiotic than current treatments like Azithromycin and provides a three-day treatment regimen. Thus it significantly shortens the recovery time while improving patient outcomes.
Nafithromycin is intended to treat both typical and atypical drug-resistant bacteria. Thus making it an essential tool in combating the global health crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). It offers enhanced safety, minimal side effects, and no major drug interactions.
Nafithromycin marks a historic milestone as the first new antibiotic in its class introduced globally in over 30 years. The drug has undergone extensive clinical trials in the U.S., Europe, and India.
Breaking Barriers: The Story Behind Nafithromycin, India’s First Antibiotic
Developing new antimicrobials is challenging, time-consuming, and often not financially viable for pharmaceutical companies. As resistance grows, our arsenal of effective drugs is shrinking.
Nafithromycin has been developed with an investment of ₹500 crores. It has been developed by Wockhardt with support from the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council.
Nafithromycin was officially launched by Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh on November 20, 2024. Nafithromycin is sold under the brand name “Miqnaf”. Furthermore, it targets community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) caused by drug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, drug resistance disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, including children, older people, and individuals with compromised immune systems.
Besides developing Nafithromycin, the Government of India has undertaken significant actions to fight Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) through various strategic initiatives focused on surveillance, awareness, and collaboration. These initiatives aim to strengthen AMR containment, enhance infection control, and promote global cooperation.
Protein supplements are trending among the youth to enhance their physique and stay fit. Youth in the age group of 18 to 30 are consuming artificial protein supplements extensively as morning breakfast. The matter of concern is that about 80% of people do not even consult any healthcare expert before consuming them. Moreover, It is also easily available to people sitting at home.
After the Covid-19 pandemic, the demand for protein supplements in India is estimated to increase by about 30%. It is noteworthy that because of the side effects of long-term use 156 combination medicines are banned. The Central Government has recently banned the sale and use of these medicines on the recommendation of its expert committee.
Artificial protein supplements are food formulas to get fit quickly. People do not know that it is harmful to the major organs of the body. This has fatal effects on the kidneys, liver and joints. Know the side effects of these supplements.
How protein supplements are slow poison
Artificial protein supplements, such as whey protein, soy protein isolate, or plant-based protein powders, can be beneficial for muscle recovery and growth. However, they can also have side effects, especially when consumed in excess or by individuals with sensitivities. Due to their continuous consumption, there is a possibility of severe damage to the kidneys and liver and serious diseases like hormonal imbalance, metabolic disorder, anxiety and uric acid. Some common side effects include:
1Digestive Issues with protein supplements:
Bloating and Gas: Artificial protein powders, particularly those containing additives or lactose (such as whey), can lead to bloating and gas.
Diarrhoea or Constipation: Some individuals may experience changes in bowel movements. Especially if they are not used to high protein intake or the fibre content in plant-based powders.
2Kidney Strain:
Excessive protein intake can put a strain on the kidneys. Especially in individuals with pre-existing kidney conditions. This could potentially lead to kidney damage over time.
3Dehydration:
High protein intake requires more water for metabolism and excretion. Thus protein supplements increase the risk of dehydration if water intake isn’t adequately increased.
4Allergic Reactions due to protein supplements:
Some individuals may be allergic to certain protein sources (e.g., soy, dairy). Symptoms might include hives, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
5Nutrient Imbalance:
Relying heavily on protein supplements might reduce the intake of other essential nutrients found in whole foods. Thus it potentially leads to an imbalance in the diet.
6Liver Damage (Rare):
Very high protein intake over a long period, especially without medical supervision, can lead to liver damage. Although this is more commonly seen with pre-existing liver conditions.
7Artificial Sweeteners:
Many protein powders contain artificial sweeteners. This can cause digestive discomfort or negatively impact gut health in some individuals.
8Heavy Metals:
Some studies have found traces of heavy metals (e.g., lead, arsenic) in certain protein powders. Consistent consumption over time could lead to harmful exposure.
9Hormonal Imbalance due to protein supplements:
Some protein supplements, particularly soy-based ones, may contain phytoestrogens. This can potentially disrupt hormone levels in some individuals.
10Weight Gain:
Excessive intake of protein supplements can lead to weight gain. If the additional calories are not accounted for, especially if physical activity levels remain the same.
To minimize risks, it’s important to choose natural protein food or high-quality supplements. Moreover, consult a healthcare professional before introducing protein supplements into your routine.
Things to Consider When Choosing Protein Supplements:
Ingredients: Look for products with minimal additives, artificial sweeteners, or preservatives.
Allergies: Be aware of any personal food sensitivities or allergies (e.g., lactose intolerance, gluten sensitivity).
Dietary Preferences: Choose a supplement that aligns with your dietary habits (e.g., vegan, keto, etc.).
Purpose: Consider whether you need a fast-absorbing protein (whey) for post-workout or a slow-digesting one (casein) for overnight recovery.
High-quality, clean-label protein supplements with minimal additives and unnecessary fillers are generally the best for health. Always check for certifications like non-GMO, organic, or third-party testing to ensure purity and quality.
Natural protein sources
Natural protein sources are whole foods rich in protein and other essential nutrients. They are often preferred over artificial protein supplements due to their balanced nutritional content. To stay fit, natural diets like pulses, cheese, soybean, egg and non-veg are most suitable. Here are some excellent natural protein sources:
Use Animal-Based Protein Sources instead of Supplements:
Meat:
Chicken: A lean source of protein, especially in skinless chicken breast.
Beef: Rich in protein and iron, especially lean cuts like sirloin.
Pork: Another good source of protein, particularly lean cuts like tenderloin.
Fish and Seafood:
Salmon: High in protein and healthy omega-3 fatty acids.
Tuna: A lean source of protein with a low-fat content.
Shrimp and Shellfish: Low in calories but high in protein and micronutrients.
Eggs:
Whole eggs are a complete protein source, meaning they contain all nine essential amino acids.
Dairy Products:
Greek Yogurt: Higher in protein than regular yoghurt and also provides probiotics.
Milk: A complete protein source with both casein and whey proteins.
Cheese: Certain types, such as cottage cheese, are particularly high in protein.
Poultry: Chicken and turkey are both lean protein sources.
Use Plant-Based Protein Sources instead of supplements:
Legumes:
Lentils: Packed with protein and fibre, they are a great plant-based option.
Chickpeas (Garbanzo Beans): Used in dishes like hummus, they’re rich in protein and fibre.
Black Beans: High in protein, fibre, and several vitamins and minerals.
Nuts and Seeds:
Almonds: A good source of protein, healthy fats, and vitamin E.
Chia Seeds: Provide protein along with fibre and omega-3 fatty acids.
Pumpkin Seeds: Rich in protein, magnesium, and other essential nutrients.
Whole Grains:
Quinoa: A complete protein that also contains fibre and essential amino acids.
Oats: Though primarily a carbohydrate source, they contain a decent amount of protein.
Buckwheat: Another plant-based complete protein source.
Soy Products:
Tofu: A versatile plant-based protein source made from soybeans.
Tempeh: Fermented soybeans, high in protein and probiotics.
Edamame: Young soybeans that are a great snack or addition to meals.
Vegetables:
Broccoli: Contains protein relative to its low-calorie content, as well as fibre and vitamins.
Spinach: Rich in protein and iron, especially when cooked.
Peas: An easily accessible source of plant-based protein.
Grain-like Seeds:
Amaranth and Millet: Provide protein and a variety of nutrients.
Incorporating a variety of these natural protein sources into your diet can help you meet your protein needs while also providing a range of other essential nutrients. Instead of using artificial protein supplements.
Combination medicine combines two or more salts into single-dose tablets or capsules. They are also called as fixed-dose combination drugs. Now the government has taken steps to ban combination medicine. Furthermore, the Government of India has banned 156 medicines. These include especially skin care, pain relievers, multivitamins and other medicines.
Generally, these medicines are found in homes. According to the government notification, these medicines can threaten humans. Safer alternatives are available, hence a ban on their production, sale, distribution and use is necessary. Furthermore, the committee of experts formed by the government found these medicines unsuitable. The Drugs Technical Advisory Board also stated that there is no medical justification for combining these medicines after testing the combination medicine.
Why combination medicine is harmful
Combination medicine, which contains two or more active ingredients in a single dosage form, can be harmful in certain circumstances due to several factors:
Increased Risk of Side Effects: Since combination medicines contain multiple active ingredients, the risk of side effects or adverse reactions may increase. If a person is sensitive to one component, they may still experience unwanted effects even if the other component is necessary.
Difficulty in Adjusting Dosages: With combination medicines, it can be difficult to tailor the dosage of each active ingredient to meet individual patient needs. If a patient requires a higher or lower dose of one component, they may end up taking too much or too little of the other, leading to inefficacy or toxicity.
Drug Interactions: The combination of different drugs can lead to unintended interactions between the ingredients themselves or with other medications the patient is taking. Moreover, this can enhance toxicity, reduce efficacy, or cause unpredictable reactions.
Allergic Reactions: If a person is allergic to one of the components, they might still be exposed to it, even though they need the other component of the medication. This can lead to allergic reactions, which could be severe.
Masking of Symptoms: Combination drugs may mask certain symptoms, which could delay diagnosis or proper treatment. For example, a combination drug for pain and inflammation might reduce pain but also hide an underlying condition that needs medical attention.
Another reason for the ban
Overuse or Misuse: People might unintentionally overdose on one of the components of a combination drug if they are also taking another medication that contains the same ingredient. For example, taking a cold medicine and a painkiller that both contain acetaminophen could lead to an overdose of acetaminophen.
While combination medicines can be convenient and effective when prescribed properly, they do come with risks that need to be carefully considered by healthcare providers.
Pharmaceutical company’s reaction to the ban
Although pharmaceutical companies have already stopped producing some of the drugs included in the banned list. The pharmaceutical industry is currently analyzing what will be the economic impact of the ban. Moreover, companies like Cipla, Torrent, Sun Pharma, IPCA Lab and Lupine say this will affect their products.
The government had announced a ban on the manufacture, sale and distribution of 344 FDCs in 2016. As a result, the pharmaceutical companies in the court challenged this decision. However, 14 combination medicines were already banned in June 2023. Now the government has banned 153 medicines.
Combination medicine banned list
The drugs banned include the combination of the antibiotic azithromycin with adapalene, which is used to treat acne. At the same time, Aceclofenac 50mg Paracetamol 125 mg tablets have been banned. Above all, it is one of the popular combinations of pain relief medicines manufactured by top pharma companies. Furthermore, other drugs including combinations of paracetamol, tramadol, taurine and caffeine are banned. Here is the combination medicine banned list.
Rajasthan stood first in the whole country in implementing the Free Medicine Scheme. Rajasthan has achieved this feat by securing maximum marks overall in the number of medicines approved in the scheme, rate contracts available, availability of medicines in various medical institutions and other parameters.
Neha Giri, Managing Director of Rajasthan Medical Services Corporation, said that this ranking has been released by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare regarding the operation of the free medicine scheme.
How Rajasthan stood first
In June 2024, Rajasthan has secured first position with 76.78 marks. Whereas Telangana stood second with 75 points. Notably, the number of medicines approved is 1828 in the free medicine scheme run in the Rajasthan state.
Neha Giri mentioned that the Government of India created the Drugs and Vaccines Distribution System Dashboard in April 2019. Through this dashboard, information about the progress of free medicine schemes operated in different states is compiled.
Furthermore, Neha Giri said that the ranking is determined based on 10 parameters. These parameters include the number of medical institutions under the scheme, stock of medicines, online supply, quality checking, expiry of medicines, and time taken for supply. Moreover, 100 marks have been allotted for these parameters. Rajasthan obtained 76.78 marks out of 100.
What is the free medicine scheme in Rajasthan?
Rajasthan is a pioneer in providing free healthcare services to its citizens. One of the most prominent initiatives is the Mukhyamantri Nishulk Dava Yojana (MNDY), which translates to the Chief Minister’s Free Medicine Scheme.
Key Features of the Scheme:
Free Medicines: Patients visiting government hospitals in Rajasthan receive the most commonly used drugs free of cost.
Wide Coverage: Furthermore, the scheme covers a vast range of medicines, including essential and life-saving drugs.
Improved Accessibility: Drug distribution counters (DDCs) have been established in hospitals to ensure easy access to medicines.
Quality Assurance: Above all the government maintains strict quality control measures to ensure the efficacy of the provided medicines.
Benefits of the Scheme:
Reduced Financial Burden: Patients, especially from economically weaker sections, are relieved of the financial burden of buying medicines.
Improved Health Outcomes: Moreover, timely access to medicines can lead to better health outcomes and reduced complications.
Increased Utilization of Government Healthcare: Above all the scheme encourages people to seek treatment in government hospitals, leading to better healthcare utilization.
In essence, the free medicine scheme in Rajasthan is a significant step towards providing affordable and accessible healthcare to its citizens.
Suket CHC Doctor has been made APO due to the death of two newborns. In Suket CHC of Kota negligence has been occurring for a long time. Recently 2 newborns died in the Suket Community Health Center of Kota. Due to this, the Medical and Health Department has taken strict action and directed disciplinary action against 14 medical personnel. A female health worker has been suspended immediately. Moreover, the Block Chief Medical and Health Officer has been made APO.
Negligence will not be tolerated at any level – Shubhra Singh
Shubhra Singh, the Additional Chief Secretary of the Medical and Health Department, has emphasized that strict action was taken in response to the tragic incident at Suket CHC. In Suket CHC two newborns lost their lives due to medical personnel negligence. An immediate investigation was initiated by the Joint Director of the Medical and Health Department, Kota Zone, to address this matter.
Shubhra Singh clarified that the BCMO had got the cause of death investigated by a three-member committee. In its report, the committee did not find that the death of both newborns was due to heatstroke. Furthermore, the committee found that there was negligence by the medical personnel at various levels in the Suket CHC for a long time.
Due to this, action has been taken by the medical department against many personnel simultaneously. She said that negligence will not be tolerated at any level in the availability of health services to the general public.
Female health worker of Suket CHC Chandrawati Sharma suspended
Director Public Health Dr Ravi Prakash Mathur said that voluntarily absent female health worker Chandrawati Sharma has been immediately suspended. Moreover, BCMO Dr Raees Khan has been made APO for supervisory negligence and disobeying the orders of the state government. Action is also being taken under CCA Rule-16 by giving a show cause notice to Dr Arpit Gupta the medical officer in charge of working in CHC, for voluntarily remaining absent from duty without getting leave sanctioned.
Notice issued to many employed in Suket CHC
Disciplinary action is being taken under CCA Rule-16 by giving show cause notice for negligence in duty by obstetrician Pushpalata Saxena and nursing officer Bajrang Lal Meena. Moreover, notice is been given to Hemant Chaudhary, Rahul Sharma, Ashiq, Faraz Baig, Vijay Kumar Panchauli, Nitish Verma and Tushar Yadav. Similarly, a notice is being issued to Dr Arpit Gupta, the medical officer in charge of Suket CHC, for being absent from duty without approved leave.
Rajasthan Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited whose operation was closed in 2016 will start again. Rajasthan Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited is established in the Vishwakarma Industrial Area (VKI) at Jaipur. This is the only government pharmaceutical company in Rajasthan.
The process of restarting the Rajasthan Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited, established in the Vishwakarma Industrial Area (VKI) of the capital and closed for eight years, has been expedited. Recently, in the company’s board meeting, the state medical and health department instructed the company Hindustan Antibiotic Limited (HAL) to prepare a detailed development project report (DPR) within a month. After this, top officials of the department have also visited the company. HAL’s technical team was also present during this period.
This is the only government pharmaceutical company in the state. Earlier it was run based on a joint venture between the Government of India and the State Government in a partnership ratio of 51:49. But in the year 2016, the production in this company stopped, which has not been started till date. The high-level machinery in the company is still intact. In which some are in working condition, some are dilapidated and some are completely packed.
Rajasthan Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited is capable of producing multiple drugs
After restarting the company, self-reliance in terms of the availability of medicines of Rajasthan Medical Services Corporation, operated under the Medical and Health Department, will increase. The company has a high level of testing laboratory capacity for ORS, cough syrups and seasonal and other medicines including swine flu. Rajasthan Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Limited was registered in November 1978 and was established in July 1979. Its production has been going on since 1981, which stopped in the year 2016.
The company was profitable till the year 2014
On December 28, 2016, the Central Cabinet had decided to close this company. It was decided to repay the liabilities by selling all the movable and immovable assets of the company. At that time, out of 126 employees and officers, 101 were given voluntary retirement but 25 employees did not accept it. The company continued to earn profits until 2014. In the year 2011, 455 employees and officers were employed in the company. During the last government, the Cabinet had also approved to start it.
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Norovirus is spreading in the northeastern US according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). To keep yourself healthy and fit and updated about the recent outbreak I hope this post will be helpful to you.
What is Norovirus
Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes gastroenteritis, often called the stomach flu. It is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, affecting people of all ages. It spreads primarily through contaminated food, water, surfaces, or close contact with infected individuals.
Here are some key points about Norovirus:
Symptoms of Norovirus attack:
Norovirus infection typically leads to nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, and occasionally fever. These symptoms usually develop within 12 to 48 hours after exposure to the virus and can last for 1 to 3 days.
Contagiousness:
Norovirus is highly contagious. It can spread easily in schools, daycare centres, nursing homes, cruise ships, and restaurants. People infected can shed the virus in their stool and vomit for several days, even after their symptoms have resolved.
Prevention from Norovirus:
The best way to prevent Norovirus infection is through good hygiene practices, including frequent handwashing with soap and water, especially after using the bathroom or changing diapers, and before eating or preparing food. Disinfecting surfaces and avoiding contact with infected individuals can also help prevent the spread of the virus.
Treatment:
There is no specific treatment for this infection. The illness is usually self-limiting and resolves on its own within a few days. It’s important to stay hydrated and rest while experiencing symptoms. In severe cases, especially in young children, older people, or immunocompromised individuals, medical attention may be necessary to prevent dehydration.
As for Norovirus outbreaks in the US, they are not uncommon and can occur throughout the year, although they are more common during the winter months. Outbreaks can occur in various settings, including healthcare facilities, schools, restaurants, and cruise ships. When an outbreak occurs, public health officials work to identify the source of the contamination and implement measures to control the spread of the virus, such as cleaning and disinfecting affected areas, isolating infected individuals, and providing education on proper hygiene practices.
It’s worth noting that while Norovirus outbreaks can cause significant disruption and discomfort, they are usually not life-threatening for healthy individuals and resolve without complications. However, they can pose serious risks for vulnerable populations, such as older people and immunocompromised individuals, highlighting the importance of preventive measures and prompt intervention during outbreaks.
Recent Norovirus outbreak in the US
Here’s some recent news about the Norovirus outbreak in the US:
Increased Cases:
Northeastern US: The CDC reports a significant rise in the cases in the Northeast region, with a three-week average of positive tests reaching 13.9% in recent weeks. This is higher than the usual range for this time of year.
National: While the Northeast is seeing the biggest increase, the CDC reports 759 Norovirus outbreaks nationally between August 1st, 2023, and February 12th, 2024, which is within the expected range for the season.
Other Recent Developments:
Chipotle Closure: A Chipotle restaurant in Virginia was temporarily closed after reports of Norovirus symptoms among customers.
GOP Convention Investigation: Health officials are investigating potential cases among attendees of a recent Republican convention.
Oyster Recall: The FDA recalled raw oysters from Galveston Bay, Texas, due to potential contamination. The oysters were distributed to several states, and 211 illnesses were linked to this outbreak as of December 15th, 2022.
Overall:
While Norovirus cases are increasing, it’s important to remember that this is a common seasonal illness. The current level of outbreaks is within the expected range for this time of year, although the Northeast is experiencing a higher-than-usual number of cases.
If you’re concerned about this, you can take steps to prevent infection by practising good hygiene, such as frequent handwashing and disinfecting surfaces.
The world is a dynamic place and there’s always something interesting happening! So buckle up for some interesting recent updates! Here are a few tidbits to pique your curiosity:
Science & Technology:
Brains on a chip: Scientists have grown human brain cells on a chip that can recognize speech and do simple math! This could revolutionize neurological research and brain-computer interfaces.
Ancient galaxy snapshot: Astronomers captured an image of a spiral galaxy 12 billion light-years away, offering a glimpse into the early universe and our own Milky Way’s origins.
Graphene breakthrough: Researchers have created the first functional semiconductor from graphene, paving the way for new, efficient electronics.
World Geopolitics & Current Events:
Taiwan election: Lai Ching-te’s victory in Taiwan’s presidential election has stoked tensions with China. Lai Ching-te, also known as William Lai, is a Taiwanese politician and former physician. Global leaders congratulated him despite Beijing’s disapproval.
Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Tensions remain high as Israeli forces clash with Palestinians in the West Bank, with reports of casualties and Hamas holding captured Israelis.
Climate concerns: A cholera outbreak in Africa worsens amid vaccine shortages, while heavy rains in Brazil and the ongoing drought in the American West highlight the urgency of climate action.
Beyond the Headlines:
Farmers protest in Berlin: German farmers staged a massive tractor protest in Berlin, demanding fair prices and better working conditions. Furthermore, farmers across Germany are protesting against government policies harming their livelihoods. This could have implications for food security and agricultural policies in Europe.
Pope’s travel plans: Pope Francis expressed his hope to visit Argentina this year, fulfilling a promise and potentially addressing the nation’s ongoing social and economic challenges.
Human rights developments: Nicaragua released detained bishop Rolando Álvarez and other priests. While the UK government acknowledged concerns about Rwanda’s human rights record.
Iranian journalists released: Two Iranian journalists imprisoned in Iran for covering the Mahsa Amini protests have been released from a Tehran jail on Sunday, January 14. This could be a sign of easing restrictions on press freedom in the country.
These are just a few of the many fascinating stories unfolding worldwide. I recommend checking out reliable news sources and exploring topics that pique your interest to stay informed and engage further.
Remember, the world is a complex and ever-changing place. Staying curious and informed can help us navigate it with compassion and understanding.
Digestive enzymes are responsible for the proper functioning of your digestive system. The digestive system is a complex and vital part of our body, and its proper functioning relies heavily on a team of hardworking digestive enzymes. These tiny protein molecules act as catalysts, speeding up the chemical reactions that break down food into its basic components, allowing us to absorb essential nutrients.
If you are suffering from digestive problems then this information about the digestive enzymes will be helpful for you.
Let’s first understand
What are Enzymes
The functions of living organisms depend on chemical reactions. For example, the conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide and water with the release of energy proceeds through a series of chemical reactions each of which requires biological catalysts for the reaction to occur.
Enzymes are proteins that serve as biological catalysts.
How do enzymes work?
Without these enzymes conditions for the reaction would be required which would be incompatible with the life of the cell. Thus, enzymes play a vital role in the function of the normal cell.
Since most chemical reactions in the body require the action of enzymes, these biological catalysts often serve as the focal point for regulating body functions. Increased enzyme activity accelerates the production of a given product that may be essential for a particular function.
Enzymes work to divide big molecules into small molecules that the body can easily absorb. Some enzymes work to bind small molecules to create a new molecule.
Types of Digestive Enzymes
According to the function of an enzyme, there are three main types of enzymes.
a) Carbohydrate Digesting enzymes:
These enzymes digest carbohydrates into the simplest sugar form that the body can absorb. Imagine carbohydrates as intricate chains made of sugar molecules linked together. Carbohydrate-digesting enzymes, act like molecular scissors, snipping those chains into smaller pieces. Carbohydrate digestive enzymes are mainly Amylase, Maltase, Lactase and Sucrase.
b) Protein Digesting Enzymes:
These enzymes help to digest protein.
Proteases: Also known as peptidases, proteolytic enzymes, or proteinases, are digestive enzymes that break down proteins into amino acids. These enzymes, like trypsin and chymotrypsin, are produced by the pancreas and chop proteins into smaller peptides and eventually amino acids, the building blocks of protein in our body.
Pepsin: This enzyme is found in the stomach and helps break down proteins in acidic conditions.
c) Fat Digesting Enzymes
Fat-reducing enzymes are fat-digesting enzymes.
Lipase: This pancreatic enzyme is the fat-fighter, breaking down triglycerides (the main form of fat in food) into glycerol and fatty acids, which can then be absorbed.
Although, the Commission of Enzymes of the International Union of Biochemistry established a complete but rather complex system of classification and nomenclature.
According to the plex system of classification, enzymes are divided into six general groups:
6 Ligases ( also known as syntheses): Catalyzing the condensation of two molecules coupled with the cleavage of a pyrophosphate bond of ATP or similar triphosphate.
Although there are thousands of enzymes in the human body involved in growth, blood coagulation, healing, diseases, breathing, reproduction and many other biological activities, the most significant impact on human nutritional intake is digestive enzymes.
The lack of sufficient active digestive enzymes prevents food nutrients from being fully absorbed and affects the efficiency of muscle synthesis in the body.
Nutrients will be absorbed by intestinal cells through different digestive tract enzymes and then transported to various tissues and organs of the body.
Main Digestive Enzymes
Generally speaking, the main digestive enzymes in the human body are as follows:
Amylase
The digestive enzyme that digests and decomposes carbohydrates is amylase, this enzyme is secreted from the pancreas to help the digestion and absorption of starch foods.
Amylase can be divided into alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, pullulanase, glucoamylase, etc., through these enzymes, starch can be completely decomposed.
In addition, the human body belongs to monogastric animals. Like other monogastric animals, the decomposition of starch is mainly done by endogenous α-amylase.
Protease
The function of protein digestive enzymes is to decompose and digest the protein ingested by people. When we eat, the stomach will begin to secrete strong protein digestive enzymes, preparing for the digestion process.
In the absence of such enzymes, no amount of protein intake will have any effect. Hence some protein nutritional supplements are on the market, such as whey protein and add some digestive enzymes in advance.
Proteases can be mainly classified into metal carboxypeptidases, serine endoproteases, cysteine proteases, carboxyl endoproteases, Metallo endoproteases, etc. Each protease will only act on a specific peptide bond due to different amino acid residues. For example, trypsin can only hydrolyze the bonds of amino acid or arginine residues. It means that the lack of any protein enzyme will lead to obstacles to nutritional intake.
Lipase
Lipase, also known as pancreatic lipase or lipolytic enzyme, is an enzyme that promotes the breakdown of fat. The enzymes that can break down fat in the human body are lingual lipase, gastric lipase, and pancreatic lipase.
The digestion of fat is mainly decomposed by the action of pancreatic fat.
Pancreatic fat is mainly secreted by the pancreas into the duodenum. During the digestion process, the fat is broken down into glycerol and fatty acid and then absorbed into the body by diffusion.
Lactase
Since we must constantly consume dairy-derived proteins, such as whey protein, casein, etc., these protein products usually contain unremoved lactose. Therefore, for those who are lactose intolerant, drinking these protein products can easily cause diarrhoea or indigestion. That is why the body lacks lactase digestive enzymes.
In our intestines, the digestion of lactose mainly depends on the lactase. At the top of the small intestine, villi break down lactose into the most basic monosaccharides, which are further absorbed.
When lactase is insufficient, undecomposed lactose becomes food for bacteria in the intestine. When these bacteria digest lactose, they produce gases such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide, lactic acid, water, and short-chain fatty acids. These large amounts of extra gas, water, and acid can cause vomiting, farting, bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and sour watery stools.
Cellulase
The function of cellulase is to decompose fibre, but before discussing fibre enzymes, one must first understand the importance of dietary fibre. The daily intake of fibre can be divided into two categories: water-soluble and water-insoluble.
The water-soluble dietary fibre includes hemicellulose, pectin, and algae gum, such as vegetables, fruits, cereals, and beans. Insoluble dietary fibres include cellulosic, woody, gum, viscose, etc. For example, beans, vegetables, fruits, and rhizome foods contain insoluble dietary fibres.
We often consume high levels of protein, which can lead to an accumulation of toxins in the body and put a strain on our digestive system. Dietary fibre absorbs water in the digestive tract and absorbs other residues, indigestible wastes, food additives, toxins, carcinogens, harmful substances, etc. It can stimulate the peristalsis of the intestine and expel these unhelpful wastes from the body.
These are just some of the many digestive enzymes that work tirelessly behind the scenes to ensure our bodies get the nutrients they need. Understanding their roles can help us appreciate the intricate workings of our digestive system. Moreover, this information gives choices about our diet and overall health.
Uses of Enzymes
As I said most chemical reactions in the body require the action of enzymes, the actions of a considerable number of drugs representing a wide variety of pharmacologic agents depend on enzyme-drug interaction. Indeed, the pharmacologic action of many drugs currently being prescribed by the physician.
Since enzymes are so intricately involved in the regulation of function, it is logical to suppose that drugs may increase or decrease function by stimulating or depressing enzyme activity, respectively. Most of the enzymes currently available in the market are hydrolases.
These enzyme preparations are of limited use in the following conditions:
1 Debridement: Aids in resolving and removing blood clots or fibrinous or purulent accumulations.
2 Replacement therapy to correct certain gastrointestinal deficiencies, consult your physician to choose the right enzyme for your digestive problem.
3 Locally in certain inflammatory conditions after either a topical application or hypodermic injection.
Enzymes are also been used in the food, agriculture and cosmetic industries along with the pharmaceutical industry. Enzymes are mainly used in making cheese, brewing beer, baking bread, extracting fruit juices and much more.
Suggestion
It’s important to remember that everyone’s digestive system is unique. Enzyme production can vary depending on individual factors like genetics and health conditions. If you’re experiencing persistent digestive issues, consult a healthcare professional. They can help identify enzyme deficiencies and suggest appropriate supplements or dietary changes.
I hope this brief information about enzymes may be helpful to you. Please don’t hesitate to share with others for their help.
The Army Hospital Research and Referral (R&R) at Delhi Cantt. has successfully done a Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) on a 7-year-old child. The child was suffering from a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder. This is an extraordinary medical achievement.
Doctors in the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant at Army Hospital (R&R) situated at Delhi Cantt. has successfully conducted BMT for the first time. This ground-breaking procedure was performed on a 7-year-old child Master Sushant Paudel. Moreover, it opened the doors of hope for more children and families facing similar challenges.
Sushant Paudel is the son of Sepoy Pradeep Paudel. He was diagnosed with a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder at the age of one year. This immunodeficiency severely compromised his immune system. Additionally, he was prone to repeated life-threatening infections and other complications.
Referred to Army Hospital (R&R) six months back
Sushant Paudel was referred to the Army Hospital (R&R) at Delhi Cantt. six months back. He did not have an HLA-matched sibling donor. With the vigorous efforts of the team of the Department of Hematology, they succeded in finding a suitable Matched Unrelated Donor (MUD).
The MUD Transplant was carried out on the 30th of November 2023. This procedure involved harvesting healthy stem cells from an HLA-compatible donor, after destroying Sushant’s defective cells by a high dose of Chemotherapy. Thus successfully replacing defective cells with healthy ones. The family of Sushant Paudel expressed their gratitude and optimism for the future.
Responses of Doctors at AHRR
After a successful Bone Marrow Transplant at Army Hospital (R&R) in short AHRR for the first time the Doctors expressed their feelings.
“It’s a moment of great pride and satisfaction for the entire medical faternity at AHRR and this patient is a success story due to the team efforts.”
Lt Gen Ajith Nilakantan- The Commandent at AHRR
“Sushant Paudel’s journey has been nothing short of miraculous. This achievement is a testament to the collaborative efforts of our dedicated medical team, the unwavering support of Sushant’s family, and the generosity of the donor. To our knowledge, this is the first such transplant for this immunodeficiency in India.”
Brig Rajan Kapoor – The HOD at the Hematology department
“Only 1 in 5 patients have a sibling with a full HLA match. The availability of HLA matched Unrelated donor stem cells, sourced in this patient from DATRI, is truly a game changer for such patients suffering from a life-threatening immunodeficiency disorder.”
Col Rajiv Kumar – Senior Advisor in the Hematology department
“The presence of multiple active infections at the time of the transplant made this a very challenging and high-risk transplant.”
Lt Col Sanjeev Khera – Pediatric Hematologist at AHRR
History of Indian Army Hospital
The history of Indian Army Hospitals is intertwined with the evolution of the Army Medical Corps (AMC) itself. Evidently, it’s a long and fascinating journey, marked by dedication, innovation, and adaptation to changing times.
The East India Company established rudimentary medical facilities for its troops, often relying on local healers and European surgeons. Afterwards, the first dedicated military hospital in India was likely built in Madras (Chennai) in the late 18th century.
Formation of the Army Medical Corps:
1881: The Army Hospital Corps was established by incorporating members of disbanded British regimental hospitals, mostly comprised of menials. As a result, this marked the rudimentary beginnings of a dedicated medical corps for the Indian Army.
1918: Station Hospitals for Indian troops were sanctioned, recognizing the need for proper medical facilities for native soldiers.
1920: The Indian Hospital Corps was formed by combining the Army Hospital Corps and the Army Bearer Corps. Additionally, this marked a significant step towards a more organized and efficient medical service for the Indian Army.
World Wars and Independence:
World Wars I and II: The AMC played a crucial role in treating wounded soldiers during these wars. Moreover, new technologies and advancements in medicine were adopted, leading to improved healthcare for troops.
1943: The Indian Medical Service, the Indian Medical Department, and the Indian Hospital & Nursing Corps were amalgamated to form the Army Medical Corps, a homogeneous corps of officers and men.
1947: After India’s independence, the AMC continued to serve the Indian Army with distinction, participating in various conflicts and peacekeeping missions.
Post-Independence Era:
The AMC has grown significantly since independence, with over 112 military hospitals, 12 air force hospitals, and 10 naval hospitals spread across the country. These hospitals provide comprehensive medical care to soldiers, their families, and veterans. They are also at the forefront of medical research and development, contributing to advancements in various fields.
The Army Hospital Research and Referral (AHRR) in Delhi is a prime example of the AMC’s commitment to excellence. Above all, it is a state-of-the-art medical facility with cutting-edge technology and specialists in various disciplines.
